Formula: Electrical Energy (Work) Voltage Electric charge
$$W ~=~ q \, U$$
$$W ~=~ q \, U$$
$$U ~=~ \frac{ W }{ q }$$
$$q ~=~ \frac{ W }{ U }$$
Electrical energy
$$ W $$ Unit $$ \mathrm{J} = \mathrm{Nm} = \frac{ \mathrm{kg} \, \mathrm{m^2} }{ \mathrm{s}^2 } $$
A charge carrier gains or loses this energy when it passes through the voltage \(U\). A positive charge moving parallel to the electric field lines would gain energy, while a positive charge moving antiparallel to the field lines would lose this energy.
Voltage
$$ U $$ Unit $$ \mathrm{V} = \frac{ \mathrm J }{ \mathrm C } = \frac{ \mathrm{kg} \, \mathrm{m}^2 }{ \mathrm{A} \, \mathrm{s}^3 } $$
The voltage indicates how large the potential difference between the two electrodes is, that is how large the difference in potential energies per charge is. The voltage thus determines how much energy a charge carrier gains or loses when it travels between two points between which the voltage \(U\) is applied.
Electric charge
$$ q $$ Unit $$ \mathrm{C} = \mathrm{As} $$
The electric charge is the property of a charge carrier, such as an electron that has the following negative charge:
$$ q = -1.602 \cdot 10^{-19} \, \mathrm{C} $$