Formula: Electric Field in Matter Electric susceptibility
$$\class{purple}{E_{\text m}} ~=~ \frac{ \class{purple}{E} }{ 1 + \class{green}{\chi_{\text e}} }$$
$$\class{purple}{E_{\text m}} ~=~ \frac{ \class{purple}{E} }{ 1 + \class{green}{\chi_{\text e}} }$$
$$\class{purple}{E} ~=~ \left( 1 + \class{green}{\chi_{\text e}} \right) \, \class{purple}{E_{\text m}}$$
$$ \class{green}{\chi_{\text e}} ~=~ \frac{ \class{purple}{E} }{ \class{purple}{E_{\text m}} } - 1$$
Electric field (E field)
$$ \class{purple}{E_{\text m}} $$ Unit $$ \frac{\mathrm V}{\mathrm m} $$
The average electric field within the dielectric (non-conductive but polarizable) material.
Electric field (E field)
$$ \class{purple}{\boldsymbol E} $$ Unit $$ \frac{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{m}} = \frac{\mathrm{N}}{\mathrm{C}} = \frac{\mathrm{kg} \, \mathrm{m}}{\mathrm{A} \, \mathrm{s}^3} $$
External electric field in which the dielectric material is situated.
Electric susceptibility
$$ \class{green}{\chi_{\text e}} $$ Unit $$ - $$
Electric susceptibility indicates how well a material can be polarized by an external electric field \( \class{purple}{E} \). In other words, it quantifies how effectively the external electric field is weakened or strengthened within the material.
- For \( \class{green}{\chi_{\text{e}}} > 0 \), the external electric field is amplified within the material.
- For \( \class{green}{\chi_{\text{e}}} < 0 \), the external electric field is weakened within the material.
- For \( \class{green}{\chi_{\text{e}}} = 0 \), it is neither weakened nor strengthened. The "material" is vacuum.
| Material | Electric susceptibility |
|---|---|
| Vacuum | 0 |
| Air (0°C) | 0.0005 |
| Glass | 4 bis 9 |
| Water (0°C) | 87 |
| Water (40°C) | 72.4 |
| Ice (-20°C) | 15 |
| Hydrogen Cyanide | 94 |
| Ethanol (20°C) | 24.8 |