Formula: Electric Field in Matter Polarization field Polarization Vacuum Permittivity
$$\class{purple}{E_{\text p}} ~=~ \frac{ \class{red}{P} }{ \varepsilon_0 } $$
$$\class{purple}{E_{\text p}} ~=~ \frac{ \class{red}{P} }{ \varepsilon_0 } $$
$$\class{red}{P} ~=~ \varepsilon_0 \, \class{purple}{E_{\text p}}$$
Polarization field
$$ \class{purple}{E_{\text p}} $$ Unit $$ \frac{\mathrm V}{\mathrm m} $$
Polarization field is an electric field created due to polarization \( \class{red}{P} \), which is directed against the external electric field \( \class{purple}{E} \).
Polarization
$$ \class{red}{\boldsymbol P} $$ Unit $$ \frac{ \mathrm C }{ \mathrm{m}^2 } $$
Polarization describes the density of electric dipoles in a material (number per volume) and induces a polarization field \( \class{purple}{E_{\text{p}}} \), which can be aligned either opposite or in the same direction as the external electric field, thereby amplifying or weakening the external electric field.
Vacuum Permittivity
$$ \varepsilon_0 $$ Unit $$ \frac{\mathrm{As}}{\mathrm{Vm}} $$
The vacuum permittivity is a physical constant that appears in equations involving electromagnetic fields. It has the following experimentally determined value:
$$ \varepsilon_0 ~\approx~ 8.854 \, 187 \, 8128 ~\cdot~ 10^{-12} \, \frac{\mathrm{As}}{\mathrm{Vm}} $$