Formula: Circular motion Centripetal force Velocity Radius Mass
$$F_{ \text z} ~=~ \frac{\class{brown}{m} \, \class{blue}{v}^2}{ r }$$
$$F_{ \text z} ~=~ \frac{\class{brown}{m} \, \class{blue}{v}^2}{ r }$$
$$\class{blue}{v} ~=~ \sqrt{ \frac{ r \, F_{ \text z} }{ \class{brown}{m} } }$$
$$r ~=~ \frac{ \class{brown}{m} \, \class{blue}{v}^2 }{ F_{\text z} }$$
$$\class{brown}{m} ~=~ \frac{r \, F_{\text z} }{ \class{blue}{v}^2 }$$
Centripetal force
$$ F_{\text z} $$ Unit $$ \mathrm{N} $$
Centripetal force keeps a body on a circular path and points to the center of the circular path. For example, the orbiting of the Earth around the Sun can be approximated by a circular path. The centripetal force is then the force that keeps the Earth in its orbit.
Velocity
$$ \class{blue}{\boldsymbol v} $$ Unit $$ \frac{\mathrm m}{\mathrm s} $$
Speed with which a body moves on the circular path. The greater the speed, the greater the centripetal force must be to keep the body on the circular orbit (with a certain radius).
Radius
$$ r $$ Unit $$ \mathrm{m} $$
Radius of the circular orbit. Since the centripetal force is parallel to the radius, it is also called radial force.
Mass
$$ \class{brown}{m} $$ Unit $$ \mathrm{kg} $$
Mass of the body moving on a circular path. Light bodies are easier to keep orbiting (with a certain speed) than heavy bodies (with the same speed).